What is Shopify app development?
A Shopify app is a separate web application that talks to a store through the GraphQL Admin API and plugs into Shopify where merchants and buyers already work: the admin, the online store theme, checkout and point of sale. Apps are built with Shopify CLI and managed in the Dev Dashboard, and business logic that must run inside Shopify, such as custom discounts or checkout validation, is written as Shopify Functions.
The first decision in any Shopify app development project is distribution. A public app can be installed by many stores and needs Shopify approval to be listed in the App Store. A custom app is installed on one store, or on several stores in the same Plus organization, and is never listed (Shopify developer docs). That one choice decides how you bill, which review you go through and which features are available, so we settle it before any code is written.